How do tour agencies make money nowadays?

Dear friends,

Here are some ideas based on my observations in my recent tour.

1. By advertising the tour as "12 Days Exhilarating West America" when it is actually only 10 days. Check my photos to confirm that.
2. Provide one or two or no meal a day for tourists who usually consume 3 meals a days. Basically get the tourists to carry half the costs of meal or wait for SIA to feed them.
3. Insert one or two FREE days into "12-Day Exhilarating West America" on a very good punchline ie. "We give you a chance for you to pursue your specific interest. Shopping, rock climbing or perhaps just catch up on your sleep."
4. Ask tourists to pay for a particular programme that is too important not to do in the first place. "We give you the option to decide." was the punch line used. Example - We were ask to decide whether to pay USD$30 per person for a 3-hour night tour of "old" Las Vegas and major attractions of hotels along The Strip. We thought we are paying for someone else to do it. Guess what ... it is conducted by the same sweet Tour Manager! Another USD$120 out of my pocket.
5. Get the tourists to partially pay their outsourced contractors eg. tour guide/bus drivers. How? The tour agency actually put it down in their briefing notes the appropriate amount to "TIP" these contractors.

Here is the list given to me with the appropriate disclaimer:-

"The below listed are only guidelines and it varies by the season."

Coach driver                                   USD$2 x 10 days = $20
Grand Canyon Shuttle                     USD$1 x 1 day = $1
Tour Manager (not tour guide hor)   USD$3 x 11 days = $33

Total tips per tourist is USD$54. I paid USD$216 for my family as per GUIDELINE..

Good night.